Akshat Pradhan
Luke Belz

Footnotes

  1. 1

    Milliman independently reviewed the ROI methodology (Dec 2025). Milliman did not audit the underlying data, validate savings or ROI, or recalculate results.

  2. 2

    Retrospective matched cohort study, 29,545 Thrive participants vs 29,545 matched controls drawn from a national commercial claims dataset of approximately 30 million lives across six years. Spend savings reported as difference-in-differences estimates. Utilization comparisons as post-period rates per 1,000 members. Sword Health, 2026. Read the paper here.

  3. 3

    Claims analysis, 30,900 opioid-naive adults: opioid initiation OR 0.43 to 0.54 vs in-person PT at 12 months. Preprint under review: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9401375/v1

Portugal 2020Norte 2020European UnionPlano de Recuperação e ResiliênciaRepública PortuguesaNext Generation EU